| Backlighting | Placement of a light source behind an object so that a silhouette of
that object is formed. It is used where outline information of the
object and its features are important rather than surface features. |
| BAYER | Patent of Dr. Bryce E. Bayer of
Eastman Kodak. This patent refers to a particular arrangement of color
filters used in most single-chip digital image sensors used in digital
cameras to create a color image. The filter pattern is 50% green, 25%
red and 25% blue, hence is also called RGBG or GRGB |
Bayer Conversion
| Conversion of Bayer color (obtained from a Bayer matrix or color filter array) into RGB color |
BAYER Demosaicing
| BAYER demosaicing is the process of transforming the BAYER mosaic back to RGB. |
BAYER Filter
| see BAYER mosaic |
BAYER Mosaic
| A Bayer filter mosaic is a color
filter array (CFA) for arranging RGB color filters on a square grid of
photo sensors. The term derives from the name of its inventor, Bryce
Bayer of Eastman Kodak, and refers to a particular arrangement of color
filters used in most single-chip digital cameras. Bryce Bayer's patent
called the green photo sensors luma-sensitive elements and the red and
blue ones chrominance-sensitive elements. He used twice as many green
elements as red or blue to mimic the human eye's greater resolving power
with green light. These elements are referred to as samples and after
interpolation become pixels. The raw output of Bayer-filter cameras is
referred to as a Bayer Pattern image. Since each pixel is filtered to
record only one of the three colors, two-thirds of the color data is
missing from each. A demosaicing algorithm is used to interpolate a set
of complete red, green, and blue values for each point, to make an RGB
image. Many different algorithms exist. |
Bayer, Dr. Bryce E.
| Dr. Bryce E. Bayer (Eastman Kodak) is the inventor of the so-called BAYER patent (20 July 1976). |
| Beamsplitter used with Diffuse Lighting Source
| A prismatic
structure which directs a diffuse light source coaxial with the optical
axis of the application. A 50/50 beamsplitter creates two beams. |
Big endian
| Byte order: big units first (compare: little endian) |
| Bilingual connector | Beside the GOF connector PIKE cameras
have the bilingual connector a copper connection, which is able to
speak 1394a & 1394b. |
| Binning | Binning is the process of combining neighboring pixels while being read out from the CCD chip. |
Binning Factor
| Binning factor is the number of pixels to be combined on a CCD during
binning. A binning factor of 2x2 means that the pixels in two rows and
two columns (a total of four pixels) are combined for CCD readout. |
Bit Depth
| Bit depth is the number of bits that are digitized by the A/D converter. |
| Bitmap | A raster graphics image, digital image, or bitmap, is a data file or
structure representing a generally rectangular grid of pixels, or points
of color, on a computer monitor, paper, or other display device. |
| Blooming | A pixel on a digital camera sensor collects photons which are converted
into an electrical charge by its photo diode. Once the full well
capacity of the pixel is full, the charge caused by additional photons
will overflow and have no effect on the pixel value, resulting in a
clipped or overexposed pixel value. Blooming occurs when this charge
flows over to surrounding pixels, brightening or overexposing them in
the process. As a result detail is lost. Blooming can also increase the
visibility of purple fringing. |
BMP bitmap
| The BMP (bit mapped) format is used
internally in the Microsoft Windows operating system to handle graphics
images. These files are typically not compressed resulting in large
files. The main advantage of BMP files is their wide acceptance and use
in Windows programs. Their large size makes them unsuitable for file
transfer. Desktop backgrounds and images from scanners are usually
stored in BMP files. |
| Board Level Cameras
| Cameras that are not yet housed or connected to particular terminations. These devices are completely functioning units. |
| Board Level Lenses
| Fixed focal length lenses used on cameras with board-mounted sensors (regardless of their other possible characteristics) |
Bright Field Illumination
| Bright field microscopy is the simplest of all the light microscopy
techniques. Sample illumination is via transmitted white light, i.e.
illuminated from below and observed from above. Limitations include low contrast
of most biological samples and low apparent resolution due to the blur
of out of focus material. The simplicity of the technique and the
minimal sample preparation required are significant advantages. |
